Data rekudhinda nekutumira nekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina

1.Kubva pamaonero ekukura kwehupfumi yemabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa

GDP yeChina ichadarika 126 trillion yuan muna 2023, nekukura kwe2.2 percent points nekukurumidza kupfuura muna 2022. Tichitarisa kota iyi, yakaratidza kufamba kwepasi, kwepakati nepamusoro, uye kwakagadzikana mushure mekupera, uye kufamba kwakanaka kwakawedzerwa. Kana zvikaverengerwa nemitengo yakafanana, kukura kwehupfumi muna 2023 kuchapfuura 6 trillion yuan, zvakaenzana nehupfumi hwegore negore hwenyika ine hukuru hwepakati. GDP yemunhu mumwe nemumwe ichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, ichisvika 89,000 yuan muna 2023, kuwedzera kwe5.4% kupfuura gore rapfuura. of mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwaPanyaya yemitengo, mitengo yakaramba ichikura zviri pakati nepakati, CPI ichikwira ne0.2% uye core CPI ichikwira ne0.7% kwegore rese.

2.Mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa nemaokodata rakaunganidzwa nevatengi vemitero

Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvaive 2.2 trillion US dollars, zvakaderera ne2.9% gore negore, uye zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvaive 1.7 trillion US dollars, zvakaderera ne4% gore negore. Kubva pamaonero ekubhadhara kwenyika, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera ne0.6%, uye mari yekuchengetera mari yekune dzimwe nyika pakupera kwegore yakadarika 3.2 trillion US dollars. yemabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa.

Ruzivo rwekupinza nekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina. Nezvedumabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa

1. Midziyo yekudhinda

(1) kudzvanya kwe offset

1) Muchina wekudhinda wewebhu

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, China yakatumira kunze kwenyika michina yekubvisa makombiyuta inosvika 121 ine kukosha kwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 19.57, zvichidzika ne25% gore negore. Mayuniti masere akatumirwa kuSpain, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 2.7 emadhora ekuAmerica; Kutumira kunze mayuniti makumi maviri nemanomwe kuVietnam, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 2.42 emadhora; Mayuniti manomwe akatumirwa kuItaly, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 2.31 emadhora; Kutumira kunze kuTurkey mayuniti gumi nerimwe, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 1.94 emadhora; Mayuniti mashanu akatumirwa kuRussia, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 1.89 emadhora; Kutumira kunze mayuniti gumi kuIndonesia, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 1.75 emadhora.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2022, michina yekudhinda ye web offset inosvika 139 yakatumirwa kunze kwenyika ine mutengo wemadhora ekuAmerica anodarika mamiriyoni 27.14. Pakati payo, michina makumi maviri nemanomwe yakatumirwa kuItaly. mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 8.39; Kutumira kunze kuTurkey mayuniti makumi maviri nemashanu, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 4.96; Kutumira kunze mayuniti gumi kuSpain, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 3.36.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, michina yekudhinda ye web offset 80 (kusanganisira michina yekudhinda ye rotary form nezvimwe zvinhu) yakapinzwa, mari inosvika US $31.82 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwe114% gore negore. Michina 58 kubva kuJapan, inokosha $15.4 miriyoni; Michina 11 yakapinzwa kubva kuGermany, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 13.87 emadhora ekuAmerica (kusanganisira imwe chete yakapinzwa kubva kuGermany kuenda kuTianjin muna Chikunguru 2023, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 10.81 emadhora ekuAmerica); Michina 7 kubva kuFrance yemadhora mamiriyoni 2.28. Japan neGermany pamwe chete zvakaita 92% yezvese zvakapinzwa.

2) Muchina wekudhinda we offset unopihwa pepa (kunze kwekunge muchina wekudhinda we monochrome offset)

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, michina yekudhinda yeoffset inosvika 1,149 yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika, ine kukosha kwemadhora mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu, kuwedzera kwe38%. Pakati payo, mayuniti mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nematanhatu akatumirwa kuIndia, huwandu hwemadhora mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe ($20.9 miriyoni); mayuniti makumi masere nenomwe akatumirwa kuVietnam, huwandu hwemadhora mamiriyoni gumi nemasere nemakumi maviri ($18.12 miriyoni); Kutumira kuJapan mayuniti gumi nemaviri, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni gumi nemana nemakumi mashanu nemana ($14.54 miriyoni); mayuniti makumi mashanu nemasere akatumirwa kuUnited States, huwandu hwemadhora mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe ($11.91 miriyoni).
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2022, michina yekudhinda yeoffset inosvika 544 yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika, ine mutengo wemadhora mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri. Pakati payo, kutengeswa kwemayuniti makumi matatu nematanhatu kuUnited States, mari inosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemasere negumi nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, ndiyo yaive yekutanga.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, mayuniti 877 akaunzwa aine kukosha kwemamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri emadhora ekuAmerica. Pakati pawo, zvinhu zvakaunzwa kubva kuGermany zvaive mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi matanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita chikamu chimwe muzvina chemari yese yakaunzwa; mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora ekuJapan.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2022, michina yekudhinda yeoffset inosvika 961 yakaunzwa ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni mazana matanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica, iyo 677 yakaunzwa kubva kuGermany ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi matatu emadhora ekuAmerica; 282 mayuniti akaunzwa kubva kuJapan, ane kukosha kwemamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe emadhora ekuAmerica.

(2) Muchina wekudhinda weFlexographic

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, michina yekudhinda yeflexographic inosvika makumi matatu nemasere yakapinzwa munyika, ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni gumi nemanomwe nemazana masere emadhora ekuAmerica. yemabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa, kudzikira kwegore negore kwe42%. Pakati pazvo, michina mishanu yekudhinda yeflexographic yakaunzwa kubva kuGermany, mari inosvika $12.39 miriyoni, ichireva 70% yemari yese inounzwa; mayuniti manomwe kubva kuItaly ne $3.67 miriyoni; yuniti imwe yakaunzwa kubva kuJapan, mari inosvika $1.03 miriyoni; imwe kubva kuSwitzerland ne $490,000.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, michina yekudhinda yeflexographic 142 yakatumirwa kunze kwenyika, ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni zana negumi nematanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe16% gore negore. Mutengo wepamusoro wekutengesa kunze kwenyika waive Russia, mayuniti zana negumi nemasere, kukosha kwemamiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu nemakumi matatu nemaviri emadhora; ichiteverwa nemayuniti zana negumi nemana muVietnam nemamiriyoni masere nemakumi manomwe nematanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica; mayuniti zana nemakumi matatu nerimwe muSaudi Arabia nemadhora mazana manomwe nemakumi matatu nematatu emamiriyoni; gumi kubva kuItaly nemadhora mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemashanu emamiriyoni.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2022, michina yekudhinda yeflexo inosvika 2,236 yakatumirwa kunze kwenyika ine kukosha kwemadhora mamiriyoni zana emadhora. Pakati payo, kukosha kwekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kweVietnam ndiko kwakanyanya, mayunitsi 524, mamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu negumi nerimwe emadhora ekuAmerica; Kutumira mayunitsi 195 kuIndia, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni manomwe nemakumi mashanu nemasere; mayunitsi makumi manomwe akatumirwa kuRussia nemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni manomwe nemakumi matatu nemana.

(3) muchina wekudhinda wegravure

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kudhinda kwegravure 31mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwaMichina yakaunzwa kunze kwenyika, ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni gumi nemazana mapfumbamwe nerimwe emadhora ekuAmerica, kudzikira kwegore negore kwe55%. Nzvimbo huru dzekutenga zvinhu dzaive Japan, South Korea neSwitzerland. Pakati padzo, mayuniti mana akaunzwa kubva kuJapan ane kukosha kwemamiriyoni matatu negumi nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica; mayuniti mashanu kubva kuSouth Korea nemadhora mamiriyoni maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere; mayuniti matatu kubva kuSwitzerland nemadhora mamiriyoni maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, michina yekudhinda ine gravure inosvika 1,278 yakatumirwa kunze kwenyika, ine kukosha kwemadhora mamiriyoni 61.72, yakaderera ne6% gore negore. Pakati payo, michina 303 yakatumirwa kuVietnam, ine kukosha kwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 12.97; michina 76 yakatumirwa kuIndia, inokwana mamiriyoni 8.32 emadhora ekuAmerica; michina 52 yakatumirwa kuThailand, inokwana mamiriyoni 6.32 emadhora ekuAmerica; Kutumira michina 45 kuIndonesia, inokwana mamiriyoni 4.45 emadhora ekuAmerica; Kutumira michina 15 kuJapan, inokwana mamiriyoni 3.06 emadhora.

2. Midziyo yekudhinda. Nezvedumabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa

(1) Zvinhu zveplate

1) Shanduro yePhotoshop

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kutengeswa kwePS vhezheni 34.2 miriyoni m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni zana, huwandu hwacho hwakaderera ne25% gore rega rega. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kuSouth Korea ndihwo hwakakura, 9.6 miriyoni m2, uye huwandu hwacho hwakanyanyawo, pamadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu nemakumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe. Bangladesh,mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa India neTurkey ndidzo dzaive vatengesi vakuru vezvinhu kunze kwenyika.
• Munguva imwecheteyo ya2022, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwe45.9 miriyoni m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica emamiriyoni zana nemakumi mana.
• Zvichienzaniswa nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, huwandu nehuwandu hwezvinotengeswa kunze kwePS hudiki.

2) Shanduro yeCTP

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kutengeswa kweCTP vhezheni 186 miriyoni m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 580. Pakati pazvo, kukosha kwekutengeswa kweNetherlands ndiko kwakanyanya, 84.11 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, 20 mamiriyoni m2; Ichiteverwa neSouth Korea, 20.32 mamiriyoni m2, 59.65 mamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica; India 12.79 mamiriyoni m2, 38.68 mamiriyoni emadhora; Turkey 9.57 mamiriyoni m2, 28.38 mamiriyoni emadhora.
• Zvichienzaniswa nekutengeswa kweCTP, huwandu hweCTP inopinzwa munyika hudiki.

3) Chidimbu chekudhinda chinochinjika

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kupinzwa kwepureti yekudhinda inochinjika inosvika 629,000 m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 31.78. Flexo inopinzwa zvakanyanya kubva kunyika dzakabudirira. Nyika dzinonyanya kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika iGermany neJapan, dzine huwandu hwe456,000 m2, zvichiita 73% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika. nemabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kutengeswa kwemaplate ekudhinda anochinjika e656,000 m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 23.9. Panyaya yehuwandu nehuwandu, nyika huru yekutumira kunze iRussia, 160,000 m2, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 5.49; Yakateverwa neVietnam, India, Belgium neIndonesia.

(2) inki

1) Inki nhema yekudhinda

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 1633 einki nhema akaunzwa, aine mari inosvika mamiriyoni 51.57 emadhora ekuAmerica. Pakati pawo, huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakaunzwa kubva kuJapan, 621t, huwandu hwemamiriyoni 21.41 emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita 38% yezvese zvakaunzwa; Yakateverwa neUnited Kingdom, Singapore, South Korea, Germany, France neUnited States.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, inki nhema yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika inosvika matani 3731, mari inosvika mamiriyoni 17.47 emadhora ekuAmerica. Pakati pavo, Russia ndiyo ine mari yakawanda, 412t, inosvika mamiriyoni 2.79 emadhora; Yakateverwa neIndonesia ne393t pamadhora 1.78 emamiriyoni.

2) Mamwe ma inki ekudhinda mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 6377 emamwe mainki ekudhinda akaunzwa, anosvika mamiriyoni mazana maviri negumi emadhora ($210 miriyoni). Nyika huru yekutenga zvinhu zvinounzwa iJapan, 1610t, inove chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvose zvinounzwa, huwandu hwemamiriyoni makumi manomwe nembiri emadhora ekuAmerica, huchive chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvose zvinounzwa. 119t yakaunzwa kubva kuSwitzerland ine kukosha kwemamiriyoni makumi matatu nerimwe emadhora ($31.11 miriyoni), iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri maererano nehuwandu. Zvinhu zvakaunzwa kubva kuSouth Korea zvaisvika matani mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana nematatu uye mamiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu nemana emadhora, iri pachinzvimbo chechitatu.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika hwakaderera ne775t zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete gore rapfuura, asi huwandu hwacho hwakawedzera ne7.48 miriyoni yemadhora ekuAmerica.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kutengeswa kwemamwe mainki ekudhinda kwakatora matani 32,000, mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, ayo, kubva pahuwandu hwezvinhu zvakatumirwa kuRussia, mamiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe emadhora ekuAmerica, matani mazana maviri nemakumi mana nematanhatu (2246); ichiteverwa neVietnam, mamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu nemakumi maviri nenomwe emadhora, 4,131T; Indonesia mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe nemakumi masere nemashanu emadhora, 2738t.

(3) Inki yeinkjet inogadzirwa nemvura

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, inki yeinkjet inogadzirwa nemvura inosvika matani 37,000 yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika, iine huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni 260, kuwedzera kwe9% gore negore. Musika mukuru wekutengesa kunze kwenyika iIndia, 6222t, 30.92 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica; Pakistan, Nhamba 2, 4393t, 24.26 miriyoni; Yechitatu iIndonesia, 2247t, 17.35 miriyoni; United States yechina, 1146t, 14.59 miriyoni; Thailand yechishanu, 1650t, 14.36 miriyoni.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, 5400t yeinki yeinki yakagadzirwa nemvura yakaunzwa, nemari inosvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu emadhora ($130 miriyoni). Pakati payo, 1815t yakakura kupfuura dzose dzakaunzwa kubva kuMalaysia, 63.36 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita hafu yemari yese yakaunzwa; Yakateverwa neJapan nematani zana nemakumi matatu nemasere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere nemadhora makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe nerimwe emadhora ($29.71 miriyoni).

Danho rechitatu Dhinda mabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa

(1) Mamwe mabhuku, mabhukwana nezvimwe zvakadhindwa zvakafanana

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kutengeswa kwemamwe mabhuku, mabhurocha nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa zvakasvika matani 351,000, huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mabhiriyoni 1.02, huwandu hwacho hwakaderera ne13% gore negore. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwekutumira kunze kwenyika kuUnited States ndihwo hwakanyanya, mamiriyoni 460 emadhora ekuAmerica, 15.7t, huwandu nehuwandu hwacho hwakaita 45% yehuwandu hwese hwekutumira kunze kwenyika nehuwandu hwese.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 14,700 emamwe mabhuku, mapapcheti nezvimwe zvakadhindwa zvakafanana zvakapinzwa, zvinosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichidzikira ne9% gore negore. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kuUnited Kingdom, mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemashanu nemakumi masere nemaviri emadhora ekuAmerica, 2118t.

(2) Kushambadzira kwekutengeserana, makatalogu nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa zvisina kukosha kwekutengeserana

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 40,000 ekushambadzira kwekutengeserana, makatalogu ezvigadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa zvisina kukosha kwekutengeserana zvakatumirwa kunze kwenyika, zvine kukosha kwemamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matatu emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe3.7% gore negore. Nzvimbo yepamusoro inotengeswa kunze kwenyika iUnited States, mamiriyoni makumi mashanu nemakumi manomwe nerimwe emadhora, 6886t; Vietnam yechipiri, mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere emadhora, 4,403t.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 2,066 ezviziviso zvekutengeserana, makatalogu ezvigadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwamabhokisi efodya akagadzirwaZvinhu zvisina kukosha kwekutengeserana zvakapinzwa munyika, zvine kukosha kwemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu nemakumi masere nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichidzikira ne13% gore negore.

(3) Zvimwe zvakadhindwa papepa

• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, matani 49,000 emamwe mapepa akadhindwa akatumirwa kunze kwenyika, mari inosvika US $290 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwe22% gore negore. Nzvimbo huru inotengeswa kunze kwenyika iJapan, mamiriyoni 48.46 emadhora ekuAmerica, asi huremu hwacho hudiki, matani 760 chete; Inoteverwa neUnited States, mamiriyoni 47.16 emadhora, matani 9,648; Yechitatu iVietnam, mamiriyoni 36.35 emadhora, matani 13,000.
• Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, 2,890t yezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa pamapepa akapinzwa munyika zvaikosha madhora mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere ($180 million), zvichidzika ne4.6% gore negore. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvinhu zvakapinzwa kubva kuUnited States, mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, 451t; US $28.38 miriyoni kubva kuSingapore; Yakapinzwa kubva kuGermany mamiriyoni gumi nemasere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematatu emadhora, 32t.

kugadzirisa nezve tsikamabhokisi efodya

1. Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kupinza nekuburitsa michina yekudhinda kunze kwenyika

(1) Kutengeswa kweweb offset press kwakatorwa nemamiriyoni 3.18 emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe114%, kukura kwemusika kwakakura; Kutengeswa kweweb offset press kwakadonha ne28% munguva imwe chete.

Kutengeswa kwemidziyo yekudhinda yakadhindwa (kusasanganisa michina yekudhinda yemonochrome offset) kwakasvika US$160 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwe38%. Michina yekudhinda yakadhindwa (kusasanganisa michina yekudhinda yemonochrome offset) yakaramba ichitenga mari yakawanda inosvika US$620 miriyoni. Pakati payo, mari yakatorwa kubva kuGermany yaive US$460 miriyoni, ichitora chikamu chimwe muzvina chemari yese yakatorwa; US$150 miriyoni yakatengwa kubva kuJapan.

(2) Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa mumichina yekudhinda yegravure hwakaderera ne55%, zvichideredza zvakanyanya.

2. Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kupinza nekuburitsa michina yekudhinda kunze kwenyika

(1) Huwandu hwePS version yekuburitsa kunze kwenyika hwakaderera ne25% gore negore.

(2) Flexo inotengwa kunze kwenyika inonyanya kubva kunyika dzakabudirira. Nyika dzinonyanya kutengwa kunze kwenyika iGermany neJapan, dzine huwandu hwe456,000 m2, zvichiita 73% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinotengwa kunze kwenyika. yemabhokisi efodya akagadzirwa.

(3) Avhareji yemutengo weinki nhema inotengeswa kunze kwenyika i$4,700 /t, uye avhareji yemutengo wekupinza kunze kwenyika i$32,000 /t. Avhareji yemutengo wekupinza kunze kwenyika yemamwe mainki ekudhinda i$4,700 /t, uye avhareji yemutengo wekupinza kunze kwenyika i$33,000 /t. Mitengo yekupinza kunze kwenyika yakapetwa kanomwe kupfuura mitengo yekupinza kunze kwenyika.

Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita 2023, kubva panhamba dzezvinhu zvakadhindwa zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika, United States ndeimwe yemisika mikuru yekutengesa zvinhu zvakadhindwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.