Fodya inenge imwe yezvinhu zvinotengeswa nevanhu zvakanyanya kutaurwa nezvayo munharaunda yemazuva ano. Vamwe vanhu vanoiona sechiratidzo chemagariro evanhu, vamwe vachiiona senzira yekubuda nayo mukushushikana. Asi pasinei nemaonero avo, vanhu vazhinji vanoda kuziva kuti: Fodya dzakagadzirwa riini chaizvo?
Kutaura zvazviri, fodya haisi chinhu "chakagadzirwa" panguva yakati, asi mhedzisiro yekushanduka-shanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kwezviuru zvemakore zvekushandiswa kwefodya nevanhu.
Chinyorwa chino chichanyatsoongorora mavambo nekukura kwefodya kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana akadai senguva yakatarwa, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, uye mamiriro ehupenyu.
MaIndia ekuAmerica uye kushandiswa kwekutanga kwefodya
Fodya pakutanga yakanga isingashandiswi pakuzvivaraidza asi yaiva nepfungwa dzechitendero, zvokurapa uye dzetsika. Humbowo hwezvakacherwa mumatongo hunoratidza kuti maNative American akatanga kurima nekushandisa fodya kuma3000 BC.
Panguva iyoyo, fodya yaivepo zvakanyanya mumhando dzinotevera:
- Putira fodya mumashizha emiti woibatidza (semudzanga wefodya wepakutanga)
- Kusvuta mapaipi
- Inoshandiswa mumitambo yezvibayiro kana yekurapa
Maitiro aya ndiwo akagadzira maitiro e "kufema utsi", asi pakanga pachine rwendo rurefu rwekuita kuti huonekwe sefodya mupfungwa yemazuva ano.
Kubatanidzwa kwefodya pasi rose mushure meColumbus
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi15, nekuvhurwa kwenzira itsva dzegungwa, fodya yakadzoserwa kuEurope ikapararira nekukurumidza ku:
- Speini
- Putugaro
- Furanzi
- Britain
Dzakakurumbira dzekutanga dzaiva fodya yemumagaba nemapaipi, kwete fodya.
Kubuda kwefodya dzakagadzirwa nemaoko
Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi17, vamwe varwi vekuEurope nevafambisi vengarava vakatanga kuputira fodya nepepa voiputa.
Iyi inowanzoonekwa semhando yekutanga yefodya, asi ichiri yemhando yepamusoro uye isiri yemaindasitiri.
Kuchinja kweMaindasitiri kwakachinja zvese
Kana nguva yakajeka ichifanira kupiwa yekugadzira fodya, saka pakati pezana remakore rechi19 kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 ndiyo nguva yakakosha zvikuru.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
Indasitiri yepepa yakura.
Kurima fodya kwakakura
Huwandu hwevanhu vemumaguta huri kukura nekukurumidza
Kudiwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvevatengi kuri kuwedzera
Kubudirira kukuru mukukura kwemaindasitiri emidzanga
Muna 1880, tekinoroji huru yakabuda:
Muchina wekukanda fodya otomatiki wakagadzirwa naJames Bonsack.
Chii chakaunzwa nekugadzirwa uku?
Mazana emidzanga anogona kugadzirwa miniti yega yega
Mutengo wefodya wadzikira zvakanyanya
Fodya dzachinja kubva pa "mabasa emaoko" kuenda ku "zvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva"
Kubva panguva iyi zvichienda mberi, fodya mupfungwa yemazuva ano dzakatanga kushandiswa zviri pamutemo.
Hukama huri pakati pehondo nefodya
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I neHondo Yenyika II, fodya dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvemauto.
Deredza kushushikana kwemasoja
Sechishandiso chemagariro evanhu uye chekugovana
Wedzera morari
Mushure mehondo, nhamba huru yemasoja yakadzosa tsika yekusvuta kumasangano everuzhinji.
Kushambadza, tsika uye kuvaka mifananidzo yevarume
Muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20, kushambadza fodya kwaive nesimba guru:
Kubatanidza kusvuta ne "kukura", "kubudirira" uye "rusununguko"
Vatambi vemafirimu vanowanzoonekwa pakamera vachisvuta
Kusvuta kwevakadzi kuri kuva "kwemafashoni" zvishoma nezvishoma
Zvinhu izvi zvakabatsira pamwe chete pakukurumbira kwefodya pasi rose.
Fodya hadzisi zvinhu zvinotengwa chete asiwo zviratidzo zvemagariro evanhu
Pamatanho akasiyana-siyana enhoroondo, fodya dzave dzichimiririra:
Zvishandiso zvekutaurirana zvechitendero
Kuedza kwekurapa
Hunhu hwakanaka munharaunda
Ndangariro yehondo
Simba remari yekutengeserana
Kunzwisisa nhoroondo yekugadzira fodya kunotibatsira kuona zvakajeka kuti nei yakachinja zvikuru tsika dzepasi rose munguva pfupi.
Muchidimbu:
Fodya hadzina "kuumbwa", asi dzakazopedzisira dzagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi19 nerubatsiro rweIndustrial Revolution mukati mezviuru zvemakore ekushandiswa kwefodya.
Hukama huri pakati pehondo nefodya
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I neHondo Yenyika II, fodya dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvemauto.
Deredza kushushikana kwemasoja
Sechishandiso chemagariro evanhu uye chekugovana
Wedzera morari
Mushure mehondo, nhamba huru yemasoja yakadzosa tsika yekusvuta kumasangano everuzhinji.
Fodya haisi chinhu chimwe chete chakagadzirwa asi mhedzisiro yekushanduka-shanduka kwenguva refu
Kutaura chokwadi:
❌ fodya hadzina kugadzirwa kamwe kamwe mugore rimwe chete
✅ imhedzisiro yekuunganidzwa kwenguva refu kwenzira dzekushandisa fodya, zvinhu uye matekinoroji emaindasitiri.
Kana mhedziso yenguva ichifanira kupfupikiswa, inogona kunzwisiswa nenzira iyi:
Fodya pakutanga yakanga isingashandiswi pakuzvivaraidza asi yaiva nepfungwa dzechitendero, zvokurapa uye dzetsika. Humbowo hwezvakacherwa mumatongo hunoratidza kuti maNative American akatanga kurima nekushandisa fodya kuma3000 BC.
Mazana emidzanga anogona kugadzirwa miniti yega yega
Mutengo wefodya wadzikira zvakanyanya
Fodya dzachinja kubva pa "mabasa emaoko" kuenda ku "zvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva"
Kubva panguva iyi zvichienda mberi, fodya mupfungwa yemazuva ano dzakatanga kushandiswa zviri pamutemo.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-23-2026