Kushandisa fodya kunoramba kuri iko kuri kukonzera hosha dzinodziviririka nerufu muCanada. Muna 2017, vakafa vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana nezvinomwe zvakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwefodya muCanada, paine mari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika bhiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemazana mana emadhora ekubhadharisa hutano uye madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri emadhora.
Plain packaging yakagamuchirwa nenhamba iri kukura yenyika pasi rese. Kubva munaChikunguru 2020, zviri pachenaKanadhakuputirwa nefodyayakaitwa zvizere kune ese ari maviri emugadziri uye chiyero chekutengesa munyika gumi neina: Australia(2012); France neUnited Kingdom (2017); New Zealand, Norway, uye Ireland (2018); Uruguay, uye Thailand (2019); Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel, neSlovenia (Ndira 2020); Canada (Kukadzi 2020); uye Singapore (Chikunguru 2020). Pakazosvika Ndira 2022, Belgium, Hungary, neNetherlands vachange vashandisa zvizere kurongedza.
Chirevo ichi chinopfupikisa humbowo kubva kuInternational Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project pakubudirira kwekurongedza muCanada. Kubva 2002, ITC Project yakaita ongororo dzenguva refu munyika makumi maviri nepfumbamwe kuti dzione kushanda kwemitemo yakakosha yefodya yeWorld Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Chirevo ichi chinopa zvakawanikwa pakukanganisa kwekurongedza muCanada zvichibva pane data rakaunganidzwa kubva kune vanhu vakuru vanoputa pamberi (2018) uye mushure (2020) kuunzwa kweplain.Kanadhakuputirwa nefodya. Dhata kubva kuCanada inounzwawo mumamiriro ezvinhu nedata kubva kune dzimwe nyika makumi maviri neshanu dzeITC Project - dzinosanganisira Australia, England, France, neNew Zealand, uko kurongedzerwa kuri pachena kwakaitwa zvakare.
Kurongedza kwakareruka kwakaderedza kukwezva kwepakiti - 45% yevanoputa havana kufarira kutaridzika kwepakiti yefodya yavo.Kanadha kuputirwa nefodyayakatangwa, ichienzaniswa ne29% pamberi pemutemo Unlik Uyu mushumo wakagadzirirwa neITC Project paYunivhesiti yeWaterloo: Janet Chung-Hall, Pete Driezen, Eunice Ofeibea Indome, Gang Meng, Lorraine Craig, uye Geoffrey T. Fong. Tinobvuma zvakataurwa naCynthia Callard, Varapi veCanada isina Kusvuta; Rob Cunningham, Canadian Cancer Society; naFrancis Thompson, HealthBridge pane zvinyorwa zvemushumo uyu. Graphic design uye marongerwo akapihwa naSonya Lyon weSentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Tinotenda Brigitte Meloche nekupa masevhisi eshanduro yechiFrench; uye kunaNadia Martin, ITC Project yekuongorora nekugadzirisa shanduro yechiFrench. Mari yemushumo uyu yakapihwa neHealth Canada's Substance Use and Addictions Programme (SUAP) Arrangement #2021-HQ-000058. Maonero ataurwa pano haafanire kumiririra maonero eHealth Canada.
ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey yakatsigirwa nerubatsiro kubva kuUS National Cancer Institute (P01 CA200512), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477), uye National Health and Medical Research Council yeAustralia (APP 1106451) Rutsigiro rwekuwedzera rwunopihwa kuna Geoffrey T. Ontario Grant kubva kuCancer Research.
Zviremera zvinodzorwa zvefodya plain packaging (inozivikanwawo seyakajairwa kurongedza) inopihwa pasi peTobacco and Vaping Products Act (TVPA) 4, iyo yaive negadziridzo dzakagamuchirwa muna Chivabvu 23, 2018 senzira yepamutemo yekudzikisa mutoro wakakura werufu nezvirwere zvine chekuita nefodya muCanada. PlainKanadhakuputirwa nefodyaine chinangwa chekudzikisira kukwezva kwefodya uye yakatangwa pasi pe2019 Tobacco Products Regulations (Plain and Standardized Appearance)5 seimwe yenhevedzano yemitemo yekubatsira kusvika pachinangwa chefodya isingasviki 5% panosvika 2035 pasi peCanada Tobacco Strategy.
Mitemo iyi inoshanda pakurongedzerwa kwezvinhu zvese zvefodya, kusanganisira fodya inogadzirwa, kukungurutsa zvigadzirwa zvako (fodya yakarasika, machubhu nemapepa ekumonereka akagadzirirwa kushandiswa nefodya), midzanga nefodya diki, fodya yemupombi, fodya isingapfungaire, uye zvigadzirwa zvefodya inopisa.
4 Kurongedza kwakareruka kwefodya, zvimonera zvidiki, zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nemidziyo, uye zvimwe zvese zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvakatanga kushanda pamwero wevagadziri/wekunze musi waNovember 9, 2019, paine nguva yemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe yekuti vatengesi vatevedzere musi wa7 Kukadzi 2020. 2020, ine mazuva zana nemakumi masere ekuchinja kuti vatengesi vatevedzere naMay 8, 2021.5, 8.
Kanadha kuputirwa nefodyamirau yakanzi ndiyo yakazara pasi rose, ichiisa huwandu hwezviitiko zvepasirese (ona Bhokisi 1). Midziyo yese yefodya inofanirwa kuva neruvara rwebrown yakarongeka, isina zvinosiyana uye zvinoyevedza, uye kuratidza mavara anotenderwa munzvimbo, mavara, ruvara, uye saizi. Midzanga haigoni kudarika zviyero zvakatarwa pakufara nekureba; kuve nechero branding; uye iyo butt yekupedzisira yesefa inofanirwa kuve yakati sandara uye haigone kuve nekuzorora.Kanadha kuputirwa nefodyaichave yakamisikidzwa kuita siraidhi uye shell fomati pamugadziri/mutengesi nhanho kubva muna Mbudzi 9, 2021 (vatengesi vane kusvika Kukadzi 7, 2022 kuti vatevedzere), nokudaro vachirambidza mapaketi ane flip top kuvhurwa. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza siraidhi uye shell kurongedza zviri pachenaKanadha kuputirwa nefodya uko meseji yeruzivo rwehutano inoratidzwa kuseri kwemukati wekurongedza kana paki yakavhurwa. Canada ndiyo nyika yekutanga pasirese kuda slide uye shell kurongedza UYE yaive yekutanga kuda zvemukati hutano meseji.
Kanadhakuputirwa nefodyamirairo ndiyo yakasimba kwazvo munyika uye yekutanga ku:
• Kurambidza kushandiswa kwemavara anotsanangura mumhando dzose nemazita akasiyana
• Inoda masiraidhi nemateko ekurongedzerwa kwefodya
• Inoda drab brown color mukati mekurongedza
• Rambidza fodya kureba kupfuura 85mm
• Rambidza midzanga yefodya isingasviki 7.65mm muhupamhi
Mamiriro epasi rose akaiswa neCanada's plain packaging mirau
Canada haina kuita yambiro yezveutano hutsva uye hombe (PHWs) pamapakiti efodya pamwe chete nemirau yekurongedza, sezvinodiwa nedzimwe nyika dzinosanganisira Australia, United Kingdom, France, neNew Zealand. Zvisinei,Pakiti yefodya yekuCanadayambiro (75% yepamberi neshure) ichave yakakura kwazvo pasi rose maererano nenzvimbo yese yepasi apo iyo inosungirwa slide uye shell fomati inotanga kushanda muna Mbudzi 2021. Health Canada iri kupedzisa hurongwa hwekuita maseti akati wandei eyambiro dzehutano hutsva hwezvigadzirwa zvefodya izvo zvichadikanwa kutenderera mushure menguva yakatarwa.9 Mufananidzo 2 unopa hurongwa hwekufamba muITC neNyika ina Ongororo, dzinopa data reiyi report.
Chirevo ichi chinopa data kubva kuITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey isati yatanga uye yapedza kurongedza zvakazara padanho rezvitoro musi waKukadzi 7, 2020. ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey, chikamu cheITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey, iyo yakaitwawo zvakafanana necohort, Australia uye United States ongororo yakaitwa nevakuru vanoputa, neUnited States. vapers vanotorwa kubva kune yenyika webhu mapaneru munyika imwe neimwe. Ongororo yepamhepo yemaminetsi makumi mana neshanu yaisanganisira mibvunzo yaive yakakosha mukuongororwa kwepakurongedza, izvo zvakashandiswa neITC Project kuongorora kurongedzerwa kwakajeka muAustralia, England, New Zealand, neFrance. The ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey yakaitwa pakati pemumiriri wenyika sampuli ye4600 vakuru vanoputa vakapedza ongororo muna 2018 (vasati varongedza), 2020 (mushure mekurongedza), kana mumakore ese ari maviri Mitemo yekurongedza fodya uye zvinodiwa pakuchinja kwePHWs (ona Tafura 1).i Hunhu hwevakabvunzwa muongororo muCanada, Australia, neUnited States zvakapfupikiswa muTebhura 2. Chirevo ichi chinopawo kuenzanisa kwenyika dze data pamusoro pezvirongwa zvakasarudzwa zvegwaro remitemo muCanada uye kusvika kune dzimwe nyika makumi maviri neshanu dzeITC.ii
Ruzivo ruzere pamusoro pesampling uye nzira dzekuongorora munyika imwe neimwe zvinoratidzwa muITC Nyika ina Kusvuta uye Vaping Survey.
technical report, inowanikwa pa:https://itcproject.org/methods/
Iyo ITC Project yakamboburitsa mishumo pamusoro pekukanganisa kwekurongedza muNew Zealand18 neEngland19. Remangwana ITC mapepa esainzi achapa ongororo yakawedzera yekukanganisa kwekurongedza muCanada nedzimwe nyika, pamwe nekuenzanisa kwemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika museti izere yenyika dzeITC dzakashandisa zviri pachena.Kanadhakuputirwa nefodya.Musiyano mudiki pakati pezvabuda zvakashumwa kuCanada mumapepa esainzi ari kuuya uye mibairo yakataurwa mugwaro rino imhaka yekusiyana kwenzira dzekugadzirisa nhamba, asi hazvishandure maitiro ese ezviwanikwa.ii.
Mhedzisiro ya2020 yeCanada yakaunzwa munhamba dzemhiri-nyika inogona kusiyana zvishoma kubva pamhedzisiro ye2020 muhuwandu hwehurefu hunounzwa mumushumo uyu nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa manhamba kune yega yega yekuongorora.iii
Panguva yekuongororwa kwekurongedza muCanada, mapaketi mazhinji ezvitoro aive muflip top fomati, aine masiraidhi uye maganda mafomati aiwanikwa chete nhamba shoma yemhando.
Tsvakurudzo yakaitwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana yakaratidza nguva dzose kuti mapaketi efodya asingafadzi kune vanosvuta kupfuura mapeji ane branded.12-16
ITC Survey yakaratidza kuti pane kuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwevaputa vekuCanada vakawana pakiti yavo yefodya "isingafadzi zvachose" mushure mekushandiswa kwe. Kanadhakuputirwa nefodya.Uku kuderera kukuru kwechikumbiro kwaive kwakasiyana nedzimwe nyika mbiri dzekuenzanisa-Australia neU.
Pakave nekuwedzera kwakakura kwehuwandu hwevaputa vanoti havafarire chitarisiko chepeketi yavo yefodya mushure mekushandiswa kwekurongedza muCanada (kubva pa29% muna 2018 kusvika 45% muna 2020). Pack kukwidza ndiyo yaive yakadzikira muAustralia (uko kurongedza kwakange kwaitwa musanganiswa nemaPHW akakura muna 2012), nevanopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevaputa vachitaura kuti vaisada chitarisiko chepakiti yavo muna 2018 (71%) uye 2020 (69%). Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu chevaputa vanoti havafarire chitarisiko chepakiti ravo chakaramba chakaderera muUS (9% muna 2018 uye 12% muna 2020), uko yambiro ndeyezvinyorwa-chete uye kurongedza kwakajeka kusati kwaitwa (ona Mufananidzo 3).
Mhedzisiro iyi inoenderana neyakapfuura ITC Project yakawanikwa inoratidza kuwedzera kwechikamu chevanoputa vasina kufarira chitarisiko chepakiti yavo mushure mekuiswa kwepackaging muAustralia (kubva pa44% muna 2012 kusvika 82% muna 2013) 17, New Zealand (kubva pa50% muna 2016-17 kusvika 206% mu2016% kubva ku2016% muEngland) 2016 kusvika 53% muna 2018).19
Zviwanikwa zvazvino zvinowedzerawo kune humbowo kubva kuongororo dzakaburitswa dzinoratidza kudzikiswa kwakanyanya mukukwidzwa kwepakiti mushure mekuita kwekurongedza kwakajeka nePHWs hombe muAustralia20, 21 uye kunaka kwemaitiro.Kanadhakuputirwa nefodyapakuderedza kukwezva kwepakiti pamusoro nepamusoro kuwedzera ukuru hwePHWs muEngland.22
Imwe ongororo ichangoburwa yekuongorora mabatiro ekurongedza kuUnited Kingdom neNorway uchishandisa yakamiswa ITC ongororo matanho inopa humwe humbowo hwekuti kuiswa kwepachena kurongedza pamwe chete neinoveli yakakura maPHWs inosimudzira yambiro uye kushanda nesimba kupfuura izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa kurongedza pasina shanduko kune hutano yambiro. Pasati paitwa zvekurongedza zviri pachena, nyika mbiri idzi dzaive neyambiro yehutano yakafanana pamapakiti efodya (43% yambiro yemavara pamberi, 53% PHW kumashure).
Mushure mekushandiswa kwekurongedza kwakajeka pamwe chete neinoveli yakakura maPHWs (65% yepamberi neshure) muUnited Kingdom, kwakave nekuwedzera kukuru kwevanoputa kuona, kuverenga, uye kufunga nezve yambiro, kufunga nezve njodzi dzehutano dzekuputa, kusazvibata, kurega fodya, uye kuve nemukana wakakura wekusiya nekuda kweyambiro.
Kusiyana neizvi, pakanga pane kuderera kukuru kwekucherechedza, kuverenga, uye kutarisa zvakanyanya kune nyevero, kufunga nezvehutano hwehutano hwekusvuta, uye kuva nengozi yekurega nekuda kwenyevero pakati pevasvuta muNorway, uko kurongedza kwakajeka kwakaitwa pasina kuchinja kune nyevero dzehutano.23 Nzira yakasiyana yemigumisiro yakaonekwa muUnited Kingdom kana ichienzaniswa neNorway inoratidza kutiKanadha kuputirwa nefodyainowedzera kushanda kweyambiro huru yemifananidzo, asi haigone kuwedzera kukanganiswa kwemavara ekare / mifananidzo yambiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-15-2024