Iyo chigadzirwa chekurongedza maitiro ichakanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Nekuti kutenderera siyana kweUKkuputirwa nefodya zvigadzirwa zvinosiyana zvakanyanya zvisinei nedunhu remeteorological uye zvakatipoteredza mamiriro. Packaging engineering madhizaini anofanirwa kunzwisisa shanduko yemitemo yemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze, kudzidza kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze pakuita uye mhando yemapakeji, uye kupa dziviriro inodiwa kuitira kuti kurongedza kukwane kurongedza zvigadzirwa mukati meimwe nguva yekuchengetedza kana pasherufu hupenyu. , uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemaitiro ekutenderera mukati.
Meteorological zvinhu zvinokanganisaUK kurongedza fodya teknolojia kureva mamiriro ekunze, ayo anonyanya kusanganisira tembiricha, hunyoro, mvura nechando, mhepo nemwaranzi yezuva, nezvimwe.
1. Manyoka
Huwandu hwemuviri hunoratidza mwero wekupisa uye kutonhora kwemhepo, kureva tembiricha yemhepo. Tembiricha iri mumhepo inowanzoreva tembiricha inocherechedzwa nechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze, ndiko kuti, tembiricha yemhepo pahurefu hwemamita maviri kubva pasi, pasina chiedza chezuva uye nekutenderera kwemhepo kwakanaka.
Latitude ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mukushanduka kwetembiricha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, ichiteverwa nenzvimbo nekukwirira. Nyika yedu ine nharaunda yakakura, ine misiyano yakakura mukukwirira uye mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, tembiricha yepamusoro muTurpan Basin yakambosvika 48°C, nepo Mohe, Heilongjiang, yakaona tembiricha yakadzikira seminus 50°C. Dunhu rekumabvazuva rine nzvimbo dzinopisa, dzinopisa, dzinodziya, dzinotonhora nedzimwe nzvimbo kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe. PaQinghai-Tibet Plateau, kune nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemisha yemakomo uye gore rose nzvimbo dzakaoma nechando. Kupisa kwepamusoro kune diurnal uye gore negore kuchinja, izvo zvinoita kuti kupisa kwemhepo kuve ne diurnal uye gore negore kuchinja. Shanduko iyi inotenderera uye inokonzerwa nekushanduka kwebhajeti remwaranzi yepasi.
Tembiricha dzezuva nezuva dzine huwandu uye hushoma kukosha. Tembiricha yakaderera inoitika pedyo nekubuda kwezuva. Mushure mekubuda kwezuva, mhepo inosimuka zvishoma nezvishoma, inosvika pakukosha kwepamusoro pakati pe14 ne15 masikati, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inodonha kusvika pakubuda kwezuva. Musiyano uripo pakati petembiricha yepamusoro-soro uye tembiricha yakaderera mumasikati nehusiku unonzi diurnal tembiricha range, ine hukama nelatitude, mwaka, topography, zvivakwa zvepasi, mamiriro ekunze uye urefu.
Kuchinja kwegore negore kwekushisa kunewo kukosha kwepamusoro uye kukosha kwepasi (kunze kwenzvimbo dziri pedyo ne equator). Kunyanya kupisa kwegore kunoitika muzhizha, kunyanya muna Chikunguru kumahombekombe uye muna Nyamavhuvhu pagungwa. Tembiricha yakaderera inoitika muchando, kunyanya muna Ndira panyika huru uye muna Kukadzi mugungwa. Musiyano uripo pakati peavhareji yetembiricha yemwedzi unopisa zvakanyanya uye avhareji yetembiricha yemwedzi unotonhora zvakanyanya pagore unonzi tembiricha yegore negore. Saizvozvo, saizi yaro inobatanawo nezvinhu zvakaita selatitude, topography, zvivakwa zvepasi, mamiriro ekunze uye urefu. Somuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzinopisa, avhareji yetembiricha yegore negore mukondinendi inogona kusvika 20°C, nepo munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzinenge 5°C, uye tembiricha yegore negore haisi yakakura. Rudzi rwegore rwakakura kwazvo munzvimbo ine mwero, uye inowedzera nekuwedzera latitude uye kudzika mukati menyika. Mutsara wepagore pamhenderekedzo yegungwa ungangoita 15°C, nepo mukondinendi inogona kusvika 50 ~ 60°C.
Kuchinja kwezuva nezuva kwekushisa kuchava nemigumisiro pamhando yekurongedza. Munzvimbo dzakaoma dzinopisa dzine musiyano mukuru we diurnal, tembiricha ye diurnal inogona kusvika pa 30.°C mukati maawa masere kubva zuva risati rabuda kusvika zuva rabuda. Kusiyana kukuru kwekushisa kwemazuva ose kunogona kukonzera kuchinja kwehunyoro hwehukama mumapakiti akavharwa.
Basa guru rekurongedza chikafu nderokudzivirira chikafu kuti chisaparare munzvimbo inotenderera, kuve nechokwadi chemhando, kudzivirira chikafu kuti chisasvibiswa nema microorganisms uye tsvina, kushandisa mechanized uye otomatiki kurongedza kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira, kuita kuti kugadzirwa kuve kunzwisisika, uye kusimudzira nekuvandudza chikafu. kutenderera. uye manejimendi ebhizinesi kuwedzera kukosha kwechikafu chekudya. Kuti izvi zviitike, kurongedza chikafu kunotora akateedzana matekinoroji uye maitiro, anosanganisira retort bhegi rekurongedza chikafu tekinoroji, inokurumidza-chando tekinoroji yechikafu, kuchengetedza kutsva.UK kurongedza fodya tekinoroji, aseptic packaging tekinoroji, etc. Kutora aseptic packaging yezvinwiwa zvemichero semuenzaniso, isu tichaongorora nzira yekugadzira yechinwiwa chigadzirwa kurongedza nzira mirau 1. Hunhu hwezvinwiwa zvemichero uye zvakananga zvinodiwa pakurongedza.
Muto unogadzirwa kubva mumichero yakasiyana, iyo inosiyana mukuumbwa uye zvinhu. Zvinhu zvikuru zvine chekuita nekurongedza ndeye acidity, enzymes, vhitamini C, ruvara uye kunhuhwirira kwejusi.
Michero yese nejusi zvine organic acids kune akasiyana madhigirii. Organic acids inogona kuchengetedza kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana kwemichero, kupa vanhu kunakirwa, uye inobatsira kuhutano hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, kurongedza zviyero haafanire kungodzivirira iyo organic acids mujusi yemichero, asiwo kudzivirira organic acids kubva pakuumbwa. Iyo corrosive mhedzisiro yeasidhi pakurongedza. Iyo pH yemuchero muto wekudyauk kurongedza fodya kazhinji iri pasi pe4.5. Utachiona haukure pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu. Kuparara kwemuchero wemuchero kunonyanya kukonzerwa nembiriso uye mold. Patembiricha yemumba, muto mbishi unodzikira nekuda kwekuviriswa kwedoro, izvo zvinozokonzera acidification yedoro nemuchero nekuda kwembiriso kana mold kukura pamusoro. Kudzivirira kuparara, inofanira kucheneswa pakarepo nekupisa kwepamusoro
Kureva kuti, shandisa ndiro kana chubhu kupisa exchanger kupisa muto kusvika 110°C uye chengetedza kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu, kana sefa uye wowedzera zvinodzivirira kubvisa muto or inhibit zvinokuvadza zvembiriso. Vitamin C mujusi inorasika nyore, kunyanya mumidziyo yesimbi ine iron isina kunaka, mhangura kana tin plating. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwesimbi ions, vhitamini C iri nyore oxidized. Nokudaro, kubika nokukurumidza kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwe ascorbic acid oxidase. , kuderedza oxidation reaction uye kudzivirira vhitamini C. Kushandisa airtight uye chiedza-shielding kurongedza uye kuchengetedza pane yakaderera tembiricha kuchaderedzawo kurasikirwa kwevhitamini C. Kuwedzera imwe chiyero che sulfite panguva yekugadzika kunewo simba rekudzivirira pavhitamini C. 2.
Dhizaini yeeseptic yekurongedza mudziyo wejusi Zvokudya zvejuzi zvinobva zvaitwa sterilized pa tembiricha yakanyanya, uyezve tembiricha inodzikiswa kusvika 20 ~ 30.°C kusangana nezvinodiwa sterility. Aseptic kurongedza kwechikafu muto wemichero irongedza sisitimu inoisa isina muto, midziyo yekurongedza uye kurongedza zvekubatsira zvinhu munzvimbo isina hutachiona, uye inoshandisa aseptic yekuzadza muchina kuzadza nekusimbisa.
Iwo ekurongedza midziyo anoshandiswa muaseptic kurongedza anosanganisira makapu, mabhokisi, mabhegi, mbiya, nezvimwe, uye zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinonyanya kuumbwa mafirimu. Hunhu hweuk kurongedza fodya makatoni akagadzirwa nemafirimu akaumbwa anongori 8% chete emabhodhoro egirazi evhoriyamu imwe chete. Haisi kungova nemutengo wakaderera, asiwo inogadzira tsvina shoma, iyo inobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Chimiro uye dhizaini yekusavhura kweiyo aseptic yekurongedza katoni inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8-4. Zvinhu zvekatoni ifirimu rinoumbwa, iro rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitanhatu zvezvinhu, zvinoti polyethylene/bepa/polyethylene/aluminium foil/polyethylene/polyethylene composite Material, iyo 75% ipepa, 20% ipolyethylene, uye yasara 5. % ialuminium foil.
Iyo graphic kudhinda, kusanganisa zvinhu, kucheka uye kugadzirwa kwebepa rekunze rebhokisi rekurongedza zvese zvinopedzwa nevagadziri vane hunyanzvi uye zvinounzwa kufekitori yekurongedza mune roll fomu. Iyo yakajairwa zvidhinha-yakafanana sterileUK kurongedza fodya bhokisi riri pamusika rine huwandu hwe250mL, uye hukuru hwayo hunoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8-4 (b). Mutsara wakasimba mumufananidzo unomiririra mutsara wekucheka contour, mutsara une dotted unomiririra mutsara wekupinza wemukati wakapetwa, uye mutsara une doti unomiririra mutsara wekupinza wekunze. Iyo yekurongedza zvinhu roll inotakurwa kufekitori yekurongedza ine dhayamita ingangoita 800mm uye kureba ingangoita 800m. Anosvika zviuru zvishanu zvemabhokisi ekuisa zvidhinha-akaita aseptic e250m anogona kugadzirwa.
Zvinodhaka chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa, saka zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo. Chengetedzo is qualitative. Iyo Yakanaka Kugadzira Kudzidzira (GMP) yemishonga yakagadzirwa neWorld Health Organisation (W0) ndeyekuita yakazara hunhu manejimendi mukugadzirwa kwemishonga, sekutonga kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, huwandu uye kuendesa kwekupedzisira, kusanganisira kurongedza mashandiro emishonga. mafekitari. Pane mirau yakajeka pane iyo nzvimbo, vashandi vanoita basa rekurongedza uyeuk mudzangakurongedza midziyo, zvinhu zvekurongedzera, midziyo yekurongedzera, zviratidzo zvekurongedza, nezvimwewo. Zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvakaiswa mberi. Muchidimbu, kurongedza kwemishonga kunofanirwa kuve kwakachengeteka uye kwakavimbika. Dziviriro yakanaka. Easy kugadzirisa. Kurudzira kutengesa, kuve nehupfumi, nyore kushandisa, kutumira ruzivo uye mamwe mabasa
1.Uk mudzanga packaging zvinodiwa pamishonga yakasiyana-siyana.
Kune akawanda marudzi emishonga, uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvekurongedza zvinosanganisira 1) Kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvekunze pachimiro chebhodhoro remishonga. Mishonga inobatwa zvakanyanya nekukanganiswa kwemuviri, makemikari, hutachiona uye mamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, mumhepo uye kutsamira noodle. Zviri nyore kuisa oxidize uye kukonzera hutachiona, zviri nyore kuora uye kuchinja ruvara kana zvichionekwa nechiedza, zvinopera uye zvinopera kana zvichiratidzwa nehunyoro, uye zviri nyore kuvhuvhuta uye kupfava pazvinenge zvichipisa, zvichiita kuti mushonga urasikirwe nekushanda kwawo. Dzimwe nguva, pachinzvimbo chekurapa chirwere, chinogona kukonzera kurwara uye kuisa upenyu pangozi. saka. Pasinei nechimiro, chimiro, dhizaini yekushongedza uye kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yekurongedza yemishonga yekurongedza, chinhu chekutanga kufunga nezvekuita kwayo kwekudzivirira, ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza kushanda kwemushonga. Avhareji yenguva yechokwadi yemishonga ndeye makore maviri, uye mamwe anogona kusvika anopfuura makore matatu. Naizvozvo, kurongedza kunofanirwawo kuve nechokwadi kuti zvinongedzo zvemishonga zvakagadzikana panguva yechokwadi uye hazvizodzikisire. Mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga inoshata nenzira dzakasiyana. Mishonga yakaoma yakaita semapiritsi nehupfu inobatwa nehunyoro. Kana tembiricha nekunyorova zvichishanduka, chimiro chavo uye hunhu huchachinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekunge mahwendefa akaputirwa neshuga ave kunyorova, pamusoro pacho pachaita deliques uye ichaonekwa nekufamba kwenguva. Kutsemuka kuchaderedza zviri mukati meiyo mikuru yemishonga uye kuderedza kushanda kwayo. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyekunamira chiitiko chehupfu nemagranules mushure mekunyorova, izvo zvakare zvinoderedza kushanda uye kunaka kwemishonga. Zvinwiwa kana majekiseni nemimwe mishonga haibatike nekunyorova, asi inowanzoita oxidation kana yasangana nemhepo, iyo inozoshandurawo zvikamu zvikuru zvemushonga uye kukonzera kushanduka. Kana kunaya kwemvura: Mimwe mishonga inotapukirwa nyore nyore nebhakitiriya, chakuvhe, uye howa uye inoshata, yorasikirwa nekushanda kwayo zvachose uye inova zvigadzirwa zvepasi.
Mishonga yeViscous yakadai seanopfavisa maajenti inopfava, kana kupinda oxidation uye shanduko yemavara pasi pekuchinja kwekushisa uye kuratidzwa kwechiedza. 2 Zvinodiwa zvekutakura zvinodhaka. Chekutanga, mamiriro epfungwa dzemurwere uye zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa, uye ruzivo rwakakwana runofanira kuverengerwa kuitira kuti vatengi vakwanise kunzwisisa zvinongedzo uye kugadzirwa kwemushonga, kunyatsoshanda kwayo pachirwere, uye matorerwo ayo. Dhizaini inofanirwa kuratidza pfungwa yekuchengeteka uye kuvimba uye inofanirwa kuve nyore kushandisa, kutakura uye kuchengeta. Inofanirawo kutariswa seyakanakira packaging otomatiki kuvandudza chibereko. Tafura 8-6 inoratidza kupatsanurwa kwemafomu emushonga emushonga uye mafomu ekurongedza anoshandiswa kunongedzera.
2. Dhizaini yemishongaUK kurongedza fodyamabasa ekudzivirira.
Zvichienderana nenharaunda yekutenderera kwemishonga, senge tembiricha, humidity, okisijeni, mwenje, nezvimwewo, pamwe nehunhu hwemafomu emushonga wemishonga, maitiro ekurongedza akakodzera uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvekudzivirira kurongedza dhizaini. Kune mishonga inobatwa nyore nyore nehunyoro, zvinyoro-zvisina kuputira zvinofanirwa kushandiswa.
Kugovaniswa kwehunyoro hwepakati pasi pano hunochinja nelatitude. Kubva kuequator kusvika pedyo nepakati-latitudes (anenge 35°), hunyoro hwehukama hunodzikira nekuwedzera latitude. Kana uchichinja kubva pakati pelatitude kuenda kuhigh latitude, sezvo tembiricha inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, hunyoro hunowedzera nekuwedzera latitude.
Nzvimbo iri kumaodzanyemba kweRwizi rwaYangtze munyika yangu ine hunyoro, ine avhareji yegore negore hunyoro hunyoro hwe70% kusvika 80% uye hunyoro hwakakwana hwe1.6 kusvika 2.4kPa; huwandu hwehuwandu hwehunyoro hwepagore hunopfuura 80% hunoita 50% yemaawa ese epagore. Maawa ane 90% humidity account yeanopfuura 25% yegore. Huwandu hwepagore hunyoro hunyoro muYellow River Basin i70%, uye hunyoro hwese huri 1.2kPa; Northeast China
Avhareji yepakati hunyoro hunyoro munzvimbo iyi i70%, uye hunyoro hwese hunongova 0.8kPa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-05-2024