Yambiro dzehutano hwefodya
Mutemo weFamily Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA) wakapa FDA simba idzva rekutonga kugadzirwa, kushambadzirwa, uye kugoverwa kwezvigadzirwa zvefodya. TCA yakagadzirisawo Chikamu 4 cheFederal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA), ichirayira FDA kuti ibudise mitemo inoda kuti mifananidzo yemavara inoratidza migumisiro yakaipa yehutano yekusvuta ienderane nemashoko matsva ekunyevera ekunyora. TCA inogadzirisa FCLAA kuti iite kuti imwe neimwepasuru yefodyauye kushambadza kuchapa imwe yenyevero itsva dzinodiwa.
MunaKurume 2020, FDA yakapedzisa "Yambiro Dzinodiwa dzeMapakeji efodyauye Zviziviso” mutemo, uchigadza yambiro itsva gumi neimwe dzehutano hwefodya, dzinosanganisira zvirevo zvenyevero zvemashoko pamwe chete nemifananidzo yemavara, muchimiro chemifananidzo inopindirana yemifananidzo, inoratidza migumisiro yakaipa yehutano yekusvuta fodya. Yambiro itsva idzi dzinodiwa dzinoratidza dzimwe dzenjodzi dzisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa, asi dzakakomba dzehutano dzekusvuta.
FDA yakaburitsawo "Manyevero Anodiwa eMapakeji efodyauye Zviziviso - Gwaro reKutevedzera Makambani Madiki” kubatsira mabhizinesi madiki kunzwisisa nekutevedzera mutemo wekupedzisira.
Mamiriro Azvino Emutemo Wekupedzisira
Musi wa7 Zvita, 2022, Dare reDunhu reUS reEastern District reTexas rakapa murairo mumatare eRJ Reynolds Tobacco Co. et al. v. United States Food and Drug Administration et al., Nhamba 6:20-cv-00176, richibvisa "Nyaya Dzinodiwa dze"Mapakeji efodyauye Zviziviso” mutemo wekupedzisira. Musi wa21 Kurume, 2024, Dare reKukwidza Nyaya reUS reFifth Circuit rakaburitsa pfungwa richidzosera kumashure Dare reDunhu uye richigumisa kuti mutemo weFDA unoenderana neFirst Amendment. Pfungwa iyi yakadzosera nyaya iyi kuDare reDunhu kuti iongorore zvichemo zvasara zvevamhan'ari. Vamhan'ari vakaisa chikumbiro chekuregererwa kwechinguvana pazvichemo zvakadzosera kumashure. Musi wa14 Ndira, 2025, Dare reDunhu rakaisa mutongo wekutanga ndokumbomira kushanda kwemutemo kusvika pasvika mutongo wekupedzisira mumatare.
Nhungamiro kuMaindasitiri
Musi wa12 Gunyana, 2024, FDA yakaburitsa gwara remaindasitiri rinotsanangura mutemo wesangano wekusimbisa mutemo wekupedzisira. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare reDunhu rakarayira FDA kuti isashandise mutemo uyu uye rakambomira kushanda kwemutemo uyu kusvika pasvika mutongo wekupedzisira mudare.
Nyevero Dzinodiwa dzeMapakeji efodyauye Kushambadzira
Saizi nenzvimbo - Yambiro inodiwa inofanira kunge iine chikamu chepamusoro che50 muzana chemapanera epamberi neashure epakeji yefodya (kureva, mativi maviri makuru kana pamusoro pepakeji).
Pamabhokisi efodya, yambiro dzinodiwa dzinofanira kunge dziri kuruboshwe rwemapaneru epamberi neekumashure ekatoni uye dzinofanira kunge dzinenge makumi mashanu muzana emapaneru aya kuruboshwe. Yambiro inodiwa inofanira kuoneka zvakananga papakeji uye inofanira kuoneka zvakajeka pasi pechero cellophane kana chimwe chiputiro chakajeka.
Kutarisa - Nyevero inodiwa inofanira kuiswa nenzira yekuti rugwaro rwenyevero inodiwa pamwe nerumwe ruzivo rwuri papaneru iyoyo yepakeji zvive nekutarisa kwakafanana.
Semuenzaniso, kana bhodhi repamberi repasuru yefodyaine ruzivo, senge zita remuchina wefodya, kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, yambiro inodiwa, kusanganisira chirevo chenyevero yerugwaro, inofanirawo kuonekwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.
Kuratidzwa nekugoverwa kwefodya zvisina tsarukano uye zvakaenzana - Nyevero dzese gumi nerimwe dzinodiwa pamapakeji dzinofanira kuratidzwa zvisina tsarukano mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri yega yega, panguva dzakaenzana sezvinobvira pane imwe neimwe mhando yechigadzirwa uye dzinofanira kugoverwa zvisina tsarukano munzvimbo dzese dzeUnited States umo chigadzirwa chinotengeswa, zvichienderana nechirongwa chefodya chakatenderwa neFDA.
Nyevero dzisingabviswi kana kuti dzisingaperi - Nyevero dzinodiwa dzinofanira kudhindwa pairi kana kunamirwa zvachose pairipasuru yefodya.
Semuenzaniso, yambiro idzi dzinodiwa hadzifanirwe kudhindwa kana kuiswa pane label yakanamirwa papepa rekunze rakajeka rinogona kubviswa kuti chigadzirwa chisvike mupakeji.
Kushambadzira Kwefodya (Mapakeji efodya）
Saizi nenzvimbo - Kune kushambadzira kwakadhindwa uye zvimwe kushambadzira zvine chikamu chinoonekwa (kusanganisira, semuenzaniso, kushambadzira pazviratidzo, zviratidziro zvezvitoro, mapeji ewebhu eInternet, mapeji ewebhu esocial media, mapuratifomu edhijitari, maapplication enharembozha, uye tsamba dzeemail), yambiro inodiwa inofanira kuoneka zvakananga pakushambadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, yambiro inodiwa inofanira kunge iine kanenge makumi maviri muzana yenzvimbo yekushambadzira muchimiro chinooneka uye chakajeka uye nzvimbo iri pamusoro pekushambadzira kwega kwega mukati menzvimbo yekushongedza, kana iripo.
Kuchinjana - Nyevero gumi nerimwe dzinodiwa dzinofanira kuchinjika kota yega yega, mukutevedzana, mukushambadza kwemhando yega yega yefodya, zvichienderana nehurongwa hwefodya hwakatenderwa neFDA.
Nyevero dzisingabviswi kana kuti dzisingaperi - Nyevero dzinodiwa dzinofanira kudhindwa zvisingadzimiki kana kunamirwa zvachose pakushambadzira kwefodya.
Zvirongwa zveFodya zveNyevero Dzinodiwa
Chikamu 4 cheFCLAA, sezvakagadziriswa neTCA, uye mutemo wekupedzisira unoda kuti vagadziri, vagovanisi, nevatengesi vefodya vatumire hurongwa hwekuratidzwa nekugoverwa kwenyevero dzinodiwa pamapakeji efodya uye kutenderera kweyevero dzinodiwa muzviziviso zvefodya kota yega yega, uye kuti vawane mvumo yeFDA yezvirongwa zvavo zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutakura yambiro dzakadaro zvisapinde mumusika.
FDA yakaburitsa "Kutumirwa kweMapurani eMapakeji efodyauye gwara reZviziviso zveFodya (Zvakagadziridzwa)” kubatsira avo vanotumira zvirongwa zvefodya zvemapakeji efodyauye zviziviso.
Chinodiwa pakuunza hurongwa hwefodya hwemapakeji efodyauye zviziviso, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvakanangana nekuratidzwa nekugoverwa kwenyevero dzinodiwa pamapakeji efodya uye kutenderera kwekota kwenyevero dzinodiwa mukushambadzira kwefodya, zvinoonekwa muChikamu 4(c) cheFCLAA ne21 CFR 1141.10.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-27-2025